تمثيل هوية الأيتام وجماعتهم في روايات دانييل هاندلر المختارة

الملخص

The problem of this paper indicates that orphans build their individual and social identities based on certain strategies that are compatible with in-groupness and out-groupness aspects formed through mental representations which links the textual as well as the social aspects to justify the need for having more than one identity. The paper aims at identifying the orphans’ personal and social identities in Handler’s novels “The Bad Beginning” and “The End” through the concept of in-groupness and out-groupness analysis. The data is limited to (4) extracts from the selected novels. The model of analysis involves Tajfel and Turner (1979) Social Identity Theory. It is worth mention that this study is not quantitative but qualitative in nature. It is concluded that the orphans express the out-groupness “Them” and the negative their-representation. They also develop their satisfied personal and social identity.