The Syrian Political System and its Active Forces until 2000 (A Historical Study
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Abstract
The present study examines the Syrian political system since Syria gained independence in April 1946, following its alignment with the Allied powers during World War II. After independence, Syria declared itself a republic. The form of political governance oscillated between civilian and military control, largely due to the frequent military coups that characterized Syria’s political landscape until 1970. That year marked a turning point with the rise of President Hafez al-Assad to power, effectively ending the era of military coups.
The study explores key constitutional institutions, particularly the legislative and executive branches, both of which were grounded in the 1973 Constitution. Additionally, it analyzes the most influential actors in Syrian political life, notably the ruling Ba'ath Party, the security apparatus, the Alawite sect, and various pressure groups—especially business elites.
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