The Authenticity of Traditions and customs in the 7th Century AH 13th century CE: Between Heritage and Modernity
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Abstract
This research explores the traditions and customs of Baghdad in the 7th century AH / 13th century CE, highlighting their authenticity and continuity across time. Despite Baghdad’s prosperity in science, culture, and politics—followed by its fall to the Mongols in 656 AH / 1258 CE—the city preserved a cohesive social and religious system.
The study first outlines the general framework of Baghdadi society, with its ethnic, religious, and social diversity. It then examines social customs such as marriage, childbirth and circumcision, welcoming pilgrims, mourning rituals, and burial near shrines. Religious traditions during Ramadan, the two Eids, and Ashura are also discussed, along with spiritual practices like belief in superstitions, reliance on dreams, optimism, and seeking blessings from saints.
The study concludes that these practices were not mere rituals but integral elements shaping the collective identity of Baghdadi society. Their essence continues to this day, though adapted to modern contexts.
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