The role of the Church in the Sudanese civil wars (1955-1972)
Main Article Content
Abstract
As a result of the disputes that Sudan experienced between the central government in Khartoum and religious minorities in the south, international church bodies were called upon to intervene, whose humanitarian activities represented a humanitarian mission. The position of the Sudanese Council of Churches during the First Civil War (1955-1972) was humanitarian and peaceful, defending the rights of southerners, with limited involvement in politics and a constant call for dialogue and peace, and rejecting violence at first. Later, it expanded into the southern region, contributing to supporting southerners in all areas. It also worked to convince them of the idea of secession and the necessity of forming a state that would preserve the rights of southerners and protect their dignity, relying on a set of strategies and methods through giving the issue an international dimension, which has received widespread support and acceptance from regional and international parties. Many researchers believe that despite the humanitarian work carried out by international church organizations in assisting religious minorities in South Sudan and contributing to the revival of development in the southern region, their role serves external political objectives.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
References
- Hassan Makki Muhammad Ahmad, The Missionary Project in Sudan 1843-
: A Historical and Analytical Study of the Spread of Christianity
- The African Islamic Center in Khartoum, 1991.
-Nurhan Ahmad Ali, The Role of IGAD in Settling African Conflicts: A
Comparative Study of the Problem of Southern Sudan Before Secession and the
Problem of Conflict in Sudan, April 2023, Democratic Center Arabic
-Abdul Wahab Al-Kayali, The Political Encyclopedia, The International Arab
Encyclopedia for Studies and Publishing, Beirut, 1993
- The International Arab Encyclopedia, Amal Al-Nashra Foundation, Riyadh,
nd ed., No. 22, 1999
-Sayyid Ahmad bin Ahmad Salem, The World Council of Churches and
Evangelism, Publication date: October 3, 2004, Research Departmentand
Studies, Al Jazeera Net, The InternationalLetters and Theses.
-Samiha Daas, Conflicts and Civil Wars in Sudan, Darfur - A Model,
Unpublished Master's Thesis, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Qutb
Shatma, 2015Magazines and Newspapers
-Iman Hosni Hassan Muhammad, Political Transformations in Sudan (1956-
, Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Arts, Issue 57, 2024
-Malik Abdullah Al-Mahdi, The Sudanese Civil Wars, Al-Mustaqbal Al-Arabi
Magazine, Issue 482
-Tawfiq al-Madini, History of Political Conflicts in Sudan and Somalia,
Syrian General Authority Publications, Damascus 2012
- Abel al-Barr, South Sudan: Persistent Violation of Covenants and Pacts,
translated by Bashir Muhammad Saeed, London, Medlight Company 1992
-Jamal Taha Ali, Reasons for the Secession of South Sudan from the State of
Sudan, Magazine Faculty of Law and Political Science, Issue 1. - Mohamed
Abdel 13-Rahman, South Sudan: Muhammad Ali Pasha Alone with the North,
and the British Were the First to Name It, Al-Youm Al-Sabea
NewspaperNovember 28, 2020.
-Abdel Rahman Hassan Hamdi, International Competition in the African
Furnace, International Politics Magazine, Issue 177, Volume 44, 2009
-Atiyat Al-Bashir, British Policy Methods in South Sudan 1899-1920:
Missionary Missions as a Model. Algerian Journal of Historical and Legal
Studies, Algiers, Issue 5, 2018
-Hassan Mekki, The Sudanese Church at a Crossroads, Journal of African
Studies, a semi-annual research journal, Center for African Research and
Studies, Africa International University, Issue 1999-2020. 10- Journal of
International Politics, Issue 126, Ahram Center for Strategic Studies, Cairo,
.1996
-Eid Ross Abdel Aziz, "South Sudan: A Sequence of Events," Al-Sharq
Newspaper, July 10, 2014.
- Miftah Ghazal Mustafa Bashrawi, "The Role of International Church
Bodies in Supporting the Division of Sudan," World Politics Magazine, Volume
, Issue 2021.
-Muhammad Al-Arabi, "Doubts from Within: The Pope's Plan Because of the
Wars in South Sudan," Al-Istiqlal Newspaper.
- Grary Phombeah, gohn Garang, page last updated at GMT , Wednesday ,
August 2005 .
-DavidH.shinn, Addis Ababab Agreement Was it Destined to Fail and are
There Lessons For The Current Sudan Peaca Process, Annales dEthiopie,
.vol,xx,239-258.
- The FirstSudan Council of Churches World Council of Churches .
-Bilal al-Masry, The Jonglei Channel and Crisis Management with Lies,
Strategic, Political, and Regional Studies, Arab Democratic Center, February 8,
-Mahmoud al-Sayyid, Ancient and Modern History of Africa, University
.Youth Foundation, Alexandria, 2006.
-Mustafa Osman Ismail, Sudan from Tyranny to Partition, Center for Arab
Unity Studies, 1975.
-Mohamed Al-Ahmadi, Learn About the Members of the World Council of
Churches and Its History, Al-Youm Al-Sabea Newspaper, March 6, 2024.
- Abdul Aziz Al-Shatri, The World Council of Churches: The Hidden Role,
The Arab East Center for Civilizational and Strategic Studies, London, Issue 13,
29-Malik Abdullah Al-Mahdi, The Impact of the Sudanese Civil War on
.Stability and Development, Center for Arab Unity Studies, September 28, 2022.
-Ahmed Younis, Asharq Al-Awsat Newspaper, Political Tribal Conflict in
.Sudan Threatens the Transitional Period, 2020.
-Muhammad Umar Bashir, The Problem of Southern Sudan: Background to
the Conflict and From Civil War to Peace, translated by Henry Riad et al.,
.Beirut, Dar Al-Jeel, 1983.
-Nasser bin Muhammad Al-Zamel, Encyclopedia of Twentieth Century
.Events (1998-2000), Al-Obeikan Library, Riyadh, 1st ed., 2005, vol. 8, p. 11.
-Sally Abdullah Duwaij, The Civil Wars in Sudan and the Regional and
International Position, Al-Arabi Publishing 20240.