Psychiatric Morbidity Among Pregnant Women
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Most of what is known about psychiatric problems among pregnant woman comes from findings among clinical samples, often without non pregnant control groups. Furthermore, most research in this area has focused on anxiety and depressive symptoms rather than anxiety and mood disorders, and thus has not addressed the relationship between mental disorder diagnoses and perinatal out come.
Aims: This study aims to find psychiatric morbidity among pregnant women and the effect of parity, gestational age, obstetric history, educational level and age of pregnant women on psychiatric morbidity.
Method: The study sample was 120 pregnant women randomly collected from primary health care centre in Alsadr city and) Ur (primary health care centre in Alshab neighborhood in Baghdad from 15th of March to 15th of December.
The control sample was 120 non pregnant, non puerperal married women matched for age and randomly collected from the same care centers.
GHQ-30 and semi structured interview based on DSM-VI TR were used to identify the cases.
Results: Psychiatric morbidity was 40.8 % in pregnant women versus 31.7% in control group and depression and anxiety were the highest.
Conclusion: the psychiatric morbidity was high among pregnant women, and the most frequent disorder were depression and anxiety.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
References
Abdul-kareem, K. (1993). The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among general
practice out-patients. Iraqi Scientific Council of psychiatry.
Abiodon, O. (1993, March). Psychiaric morbidity in pregnant population in Nigeria
General Hospital Psychiatry. Issue2, pp. 125-128.
Ahmad, S. (1997). Genetic Disorders Among Arab Populations (Vol. Second Edition).
New York: Oxford University.
Alipour, z., & Lamyian, M. (2011). The association between antenatal anxiety and fear
of childbirth in nulliparous women: a prospective. study Iranian Journal of
nursing and midwifery research, (2), pp. 169-173.
Altshuler, L., Hendrick, V., & Cohen, L. (1998). Course of mood and anxiety disorders
during pregnancy and the postpartum period. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 59, pp. 29-33.
Anisa, D. (2003, August). Psychiatric disorder during pregnancy International. 15, 217-
review of psychiatry.
Appelby, L., & et al. (1989). The psychiatrist in the obstetric unit establishing a liason
service. British J. of psychiatry, 154, pp. 510-515.
Bandyopadhyay, M. (2009). Impact of ritual pollution on lactation and breastfeeding
practices in rural West Bengal. India International Breastfeeding Journal, 4, p. 2.
Burke, K., Burke, J., Rae, D., & Regeir, D. (1991). Comparing age at onset of major
depression and other psychiatric disorders by birth cohorts in five US community
populations (Vol. 48). Archive in General Psychiatry.
Cox, J. (1979). Psychiatric morbidity and pregnancy: a controlled study of 263 semirural Ugandan women (Vol. 134). BJP.
Dietz, P., Williams, S., Callaghan, W., Bachman, D., Whitlock, E., & Horn-brook, M.
(2007). Clinically identified maternal depression before, during, and after
preg¬nancies ending in live births. Am J Psy-chiatry, 164, pp. 1515-1520.
Dunkel, S. (1998). mental maternal stress and preterm delivery. Prenatal and neonatal
medicine (Vol. 3).
Evans, J. (2001, August 4). Cohort study of depressed mood during pregnancy and after
childbirth. BMJ, (7307), pp. 257–260.
Eve, C., & Cunningham, D. (2011). Companion to psychiatric studies (Vol. eighth
edition). Perinatal Psychiatry.
Friedman, T. (1889). The psychiatric consequences of spontaneous abortion. The British
journal of psychiatry, pp. 810-813.
Gelder, M. (2006). Harrison P Shorter Oxford textbook of psychiatry (Vol. 5th edition).
psychiatric aspect of obstetric and gynecology.
Gelder, M., & et al. (2003). New oxford text book of psychiatry. Obstetric and
gynaecological conditions associated with psychiatric disorder.
Haki, M. (1996). The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among pregnant women. Iraqi
Scientific Council for Psychiatry.
Hamid, F., ASif, A., & Haider, I. (2008, October - December). Study of anxiety and
depression during pregnancy. Pak J Med Sci, 6, pp. 681-864.
Hussein, S. (2006, Dec). Anxiety during pregnancy among Sudanese pregnant women
Sudan. JMS, N2.
James, B., & Alcott, V. (2007). Psychiatry and Reproductive Medicine, Synopsis of
psychiatry Behavioral science/ clinical psychiatry.
James, B., & Alcott, V. (2009). Psychiatry and reproductive system, Comprehensive
textbook of psychiatry Volume 2 (Vol. Ninth edition).
Jasim, N. (1993). Psychiatric morbidity in gynaecology out patient. Iraqi Scientific
Council of psychiatry.
Kessler, R., & et al. (1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-IIIR psychiatric
disorders in the united States (Vol. 51). Archives in General Psychiatry.
Kessler, R., Mc Gonagle, K., & Zhao, S. (1994). lifetime and 12 months, prevalence of
DSMIII-R psychiatric disorders in the United State: Results from the national
comorbidity survey. Archigen psychiatry, 51, pp. 8-19 (Abstract).
Kielholz, P. (1997). Depression in day practice. Hans Huber puplication.
Kumar, R., & Robson, K. (1984). A prospective study of emotional disorders in child
bearing women Brit. J of psychiatry, pp. 35-47.
Limlomwongse, N., & Liabsuetrakul, T. (2006). Cohort study of depressive moods in
Thai women during late pregnancy and 6-8 weeks of postpartum using the
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) (Vol. 9). Archives of Women
Mental Health.
Littleton, H., Breitkopf, C., & Berenson, A. (2007). Correlates of anxiety symptoms
during pregnancy and association with perinatal outcomes: a meta-analysis. Am.
J. Obstet. Gynecol, (5), pp. 424-432 .
Patel, V., Rodrigues, M., & DeSouza, N. (2002). Gender, poverty, and postnatal
depression: A study of mothers in Goa, India. American Journal of Psychiatry,
, pp. 43-47.
Pela, O. (1981). Screening for psychiatric symptoms in pregnant in Nigeria. CRCs Med.
Sci., 11, pp. 208-209.
Rochat, T., & et al. (2006). Depression among pregnant rural South African women
undergoing HIV testing. Journal of the American Medical Association, 295, pp.
-1378.
Shaugah, A. (1994, November). Suleiman R Mixed anxiety depression in pregnancy
(The Influence of Misconceptions). The Arab journal of psychiatry, No.2.
Sheila, M. (2003, number 4). Depressive Symptoms among Pregnant Women Screened
in Obstetrics Settings. Journal of women health, volume 12.
Sjogren, B. (1997). Reasons for anxiety about childbirth in 100 pregnant women.
Journal of psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 18, pp. 266-272.
Stevens, C., & Lee, S. (2002). Reproducing identity: maternal and child health care for
foreigners in Japan Setsuko Lee and Carolyn Stevens. (I. R. (Ed.), Ed.) Family
and social policy in Japan. Anthropological approaches, pp. 92-110.
Tanks, C. (1976). Differential aspects of psychiatry in the female in recent advances in
clinical psychiatry2. (G.-G. K., Ed.) Chrichill-Livingstone.
Viguera, A., & al, e. (2000). Risk of Recurrence of Bipolar Disorder in Pregnant and
Nonpregnant Women After Discontinuing Lithium Maintenance. American
Journal of Psychiatry, 157, pp. 179-184.
Weissman, M., & Jensen, P. (2002). What research suggests for depressed women with
children. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 63, pp. 641-647.
Wingwontham, S. (2008, Apr). Prevalence of Mental Health Problem during First-Half
Pregnancy at Siriraj Hospital. J Med Assoc Thai, (4), pp. 452-457.
Wintz, S., & Earl, P. (1989). learning module cultural and spiritual sensitivity a quick
guide to cultures and spiritual traditions chaplaincy today (Number 2 ed., Vol.
Volume 19).
Yiu, M., & et al. (2009). Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in the Perinatal Period:
Referrals to the Comprehensive Child Development Service in a Hong Kong
Regional Hospital Hong Kong. J Psychiatry, pp. 112-116